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安装教程

AmberTools 因其只能在Linux下运行,所以可以使用纯linux服务器安装,或WSL、虚拟机等方式在Windows平台安装,这里介绍虚拟机安装的方法。

安装配置虚拟机

推荐使用VMware Workstation Pro程序操作Windows下的虚拟机,并为其安装Ubuntu操作系统。

安装conda

AmberTools 可以通过 Conda 或 源码编译安装,这里最推荐使用conda安装。

输入下列命令,检测python版本:

python3 --version

输出以下内容则说明python安装正确(具体版本因人而异):

Python 3.12.9

根据电脑系统,下载miniconda文件,这里是Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh文件,在该文件目录下打开终端,输入下列命令:

sudo ./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

此时会出现下列提示:

Welcome to Miniconda3 py312_25.1.1-2

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue

按enter确认安装,出现下列阅读条款,一路回车下翻,阅读完该条款:

Please read these Terms of Service carefully before purchasing, using, accessing
, or downloading any Anaconda Offerings (the "Offerings"). These Anaconda Terms 
of Service ("TOS") are between Anaconda, Inc. .........

最后出现下列提示,输入yes开始安装:

Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
>>> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':'

根据提示选择安装路径,如果需要更改安装路径,输入目标路径后按回车:

Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/root/miniconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

例如安装在 /home/user/minconda3 路径下,输入后回车。安装完成后会显示下列内容:

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,
   run the following command when conda is activated:

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

You can undo this by running `conda init --reverse $SHELL`? [yes|no]

输入yes,会自动初始化conda,并配置环境变量,随后输出以下内容:

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

若上一步保持保持默认,按回车后显示下列命令说明安装成功:

To install conda's shell functions for easier access, first activate, then:

conda init

Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

此时需要手动写入环境变量,输入以下命令安装vim编辑器:

sudo apt install vim

输入下列命令。使用vim编辑器修改配置文件,打开.bashrc

vim ~/.bashrc

将下列语句写入最后一行,这里的路径要和之前的保持一致:

export PATH="/home/user/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"

随后执行该命令,载入配置文件,若之前选择了yes,则直接执行此命令即可:

source  ~/.bashrc

输入以下命令,手动激活conda:

source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate

重新打开命令行后,输入命令,查看conda安装情况:

conda info --envs

若出现下列内容,则说明安装成功(路径与上文一致):

# conda environments:
#
base                 * /home/user/miniconda3

安装AmberTools

AmberTools官网在此处,输入以下命令创建一个名为AmberTools24的conda环境,版本号与本机版本一致:

conda create --name AmberTools24 python=3.12

激活该环境:

conda activate AmberTools24

若出现报错,需要激活conda:

CondaError: Run 'conda init' before 'conda activate'

激活conda:

conda init

随后重启命令行界面,重新激活该环境,即可看到前缀由base变成AmberTools24

退出该环境:

conda deactivate

conda下载安装AmberTools24包:

conda install -c conda-forge ambertools=24

激活环境后输入下列命令,加载amber配置文件:

source $CONDA_PREFIX/amber.sh

最后,输入antechamber,检测安装完成(在conda环境中,即标头显示AmberTools24):

(AmberTools24) aether@aether-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~/桌面$ antechamber


Usage: antechamber -i     input file name
                   -fi    input file format
                   -o     output file name
                   -fo    output file format
                   -c     charge method
                   -cf    charge file name
                   -nc    net molecular charge (int)
                   -a     additional file name
                   -fa    additional file format
                   -ao    additional file operation
                          crd   : only read in coordinate
                          crg   : only read in charge
                          radius: only read in radius
                          name  : only read in atom name
                          type  : only read in atom type
                          bond  : only read in bond type 
                   -m     multiplicity (2S+1), default is 1

安装acpype

输入下列命令安装acpype:

conda install -c conda-forge acpype

安装完成后,输入acpype,若输入下列内容,即说明安装成功:

============================================================================    
| ACPYPE: AnteChamber PYthon Parser interfacE v. 2023.10.27 (c) 2025 AWSdS |    
============================================================================    
usage:                                                                          
    acpype -i _file_ | _SMILES_string_ [-c _string_] [-n _int_] [-m _int_] [-a _string_] [-f] etc. or                                                           
    acpype -p _prmtop_ -x _inpcrd_ [-d | -w]

简单测试

测试 tleap(拓扑生成)

新建一个文件夹,使用下列创建一个测试的tleap输入文件:

cat << EOF > test_tleap.in
source leaprc.protein.ff14SB  # 加载蛋白质力场
mol = sequence { ACE ALA NME } # 构建一个简单的三肽
saveamberparm mol test.prmtop test.inpcrd
quit
EOF

运行tleap命令:

tleap -f test_tleap.in

生成 test.prmtop(拓扑文件)和 ·(坐标文件),且无报错,则证明运行成功

测试 cpptraj(轨迹分析)

创建一个测试的cpptraj输入文件:

cat << EOF > test_cpptraj.in
parm test.prmtop
trajin test.inpcrd
rms first
trajout test.nc netcdf
run
EOF

运行cpptraj命令:

cpptraj -i test_cpptraj.in

生成 test.nc(NetCDF格式轨迹),输出中显示 ACTION COMPLETE,则证明运行成功